Thermochemistry and Thermodynamics

Systems, surroundings, state functions, heat vs temperature, calorimetry, enthalpy, Hess law, entropy, and Gibbs energy.

Intended level

Advanced — after Stoichiometry and Gases.

Prerequisites

• mole-stoichiometry
• gases-gas-laws

Ordered lessons

1. systems surroundings state functions
2. heat vs temperature
3. endothermic exothermic
4. calorimetry
5. enthalpy hess formation
6. entropy gibbs energy

Related formulas and calculators

• $calorimetry-q$ — see Formula: calorimetry-q
• $hess-law$ — see Formula: hess-law
• $gibbs-energy$ — see Formula: gibbs-energy
• $entropy-change$ — see Formula: entropy-change
• calorimetry
• hess-law
• gibbs-energy

Only links to real, published tools are shown. Placeholders are not linked.

Common misconceptions

• Exothermic means fast.
• Entropy is disorder only.
• Heat and temperature are the same.

Related resources

• Constants — sourced physical constants with version stamps.
• Laboratory Safety — PPE, hazards, RAMP.
• Glossary — definitions for key terms in this topic.
• Sources and Data — how sources are versioned and cited.

Curriculum mappings

This topic maps to external frameworks stored in src/content/curriculum/. Never implies official affiliation.

• AP Chemistry 1.1 / IB Chemistry 2.1 (see /curriculum/ap-chem-1-1 and file src/content/curriculum/ap-chem-1-1.md).
• Framework version and source URL recorded per mapping; review date 2026-08-21.

Review and source metadata

• Author: Chemistry Fundamentals Editorial Team (chem-team)
• Reviewer: Dr. Example Reviewer (chemistry reviewer — transparent placeholder, see /editorial-policy)
• Last reviewed: 2026-08-21
• Review due: 2027-08-21
• Sources: NIST Reference Placeholder (nist-2022, 2022-CODATA). Placeholder reference — replace with actual sourced reference per lesson.

Printable summary

Summary card (PDF) — coming soon — print styles preserve equations and tables.

Correction? See Corrections Policy and Contact.